STYLE MANUAL FOR BIBLIOGRAPHIES

FOR USE BY THE STUDENTS OF BEAVERTON RURAL SCHOOLS

Based on Modern Language Association (MLA) Standards (Lester 250).

 Select from the following types of resources for use in your BIBLIOGRAPHY or SOURCES CITED list to see correct forms: 

SOURCES CITED or BIBLIOGRAPHY: a list of resources used in a research paper or project. It contains both print and non-print works (e.g. interview, video tape, computer software) that have been quoted and/or paraphrased in your paper.

BOOK- SINGLE AUTHOR

Emerson, Edward. Puritanism in America. Boston: Twayne

Publisher, 1983.

BOOK- JOINT AUTHOR

Lorayne, Harry, and Jerry Lucas. The Memory Book. New York:

Ballantine Books, Inc., 1884.

BOOK- NO AUTHOR (Anonymous work)

Illustrated Story of World War II. New York: Reader's Digest

Association, 1979.

 

BOOK- EDITOR AS AUTHOR

Plotz, Helen, ed. The Gift Outright. New York: Morrow, 1985.

 

PAMPHLET- SINGLE AUTHOR

Angel, Julie L. Careers for Majors in English. New York: World

Trade Press, 1982.

 

PAMPHLET- NO AUTHOR

Careers for the 20th Century. Washington: Ballantine, 1993.

  

MAGAZINE ARTICLE- SINGLE AUTHOR

Miller, M.C. "New Wave in Rock." Horizon 15 March 1987: 32-34.

 

MAGAZINE ARTICLE- NO AUTHOR

"Camcorders in the Classroom." Media Methods March/April

1991: 26+.

 

ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE- AUTHOR

Penner, Lewis. "Child Abuse." World Book Encyclopedia.

1986 ed.

 

ENCYCLOPEDIA ARTICLE- NO AUTHOR

"Sitting Bull." Encyclopedia Americana. 1987 ed.

 

 NEWSPAPER ARTICLE- AUTHOR

Telingator, Sue. "Theater Therapy." Chicago Tribune 12 July

1992, Sec. 2: 3.

 

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE- NO AUTHOR

"Wholesale Prices Skyrocket." Grand Rapids Press 23 July

1991: B1-B3.

 

AUDIO VISUAL (Sound Filmstrip, Video Tape, Audio Tape Filmstrip, etc.)

Where the Wind Blows. Learning Corporation, 1981. Sound

Filmstrip.

 

TELEVISION PROGRAM

The First Americans. Narrated by Hugh Downs. Produced by

Craig Fisher. ABC News Special. ABC Television. 21

March 1992.

 INTERVIEW

Kenstra, William. Frontier Real Estate. Charlotte, MI. 11 January

1986. Interview.

 

  POETRY IN AN ANTHOLOGY- AUTHOR

Lizard, Naomi. "In Answer to your Query." The Norton Book of

Light Verse. Russell Baker, Ed. New York: Norton, 1986.

52-53.

 

POETRY IN AN ANTHOLOGY- NO AUTHOR

"The Lonely Moon." The Hopi Anthology. Ed Volpe, Ed. Boston:

Putnam, 1990. 253-256.

 

ELECTRONIC SOURCES (CD-ROM, DATABASES)

"Sitting Bull." New Grolier Electronic Encyclopedia. 1992 ed.

CD-ROM.

 

COMPUTER SOFTWARE

The New Print Shop. San Rafael: Broderbund, 1990. Computer

Software.

  

SIRS/VERTICAL FILE MATERIAL

Determine the source of the SIRS or VERTICAL FILE article (newspaper, magazine, pamphlet, etc.) and use that format. To determine the source for the SIRS article, look on the front page, upper left hand corner.

 

 CITING INTERNET RESOURCES

The basic structure for citing Internet resources is:

Author (if available). Title of Item. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE

(where?): address, path/filename, date of document or

download or use.

WORLD WIDE WEB

DiStefano, Vince. Guidelines for better Writing. [ONLINE]

AVAILABLE WORLD WIDE WEB: http://www.usa.net/~vinced/

home.html, 9 JANUARY 1996

 

TELNET OR GOPHER

Brady, Larry. Map of Iraqi Troop Movement. [ONLINE] AVAILABLE

TELNET or GOPHER: fedworld.gov.CIA/MAPS/LATEST

MAPS, 10 JUNE 1996.

 

FTP

Hess, Hanna. Networking in the Information Age. [ONLINE]

AVAILABLE FTP: 194.333.23.10.pub/research/internet.txt,

5 MAY, 1996.

 

TIPS FOR BIBLIOGRAPHIES & SOURCE LISTS

1) Sources are arranged in alphabetical order by the last name of the author.

2) If no author/editor is listed, sources are arranged in alphabetical order by the first word of the title excluding A, AN and THE.

3) The first line for a Bibliography entry is next to the left margin and all additional lines are indented 5 spaces.

4) Single-space between the lines of each Bibliography entry and double-space between each entry.

5) Set the title SOURCES CITED or BIBLIOGRAPHY one inch down from the top of the sheet and double-space between it and the first entry.

(Lester 250)

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY SAMPLE:

 

SOURCES CITED

 

"Acid Rain". The New Grolier Electronic Encyclopedia. 1992 ed.

CD-ROM.

 

Engler, John. The Problems We Face. Lansing: Hillsdale Press

1992.

 

Hardy, Thomas. The Mayor of Casterbridge. New York: Arco,

1989.

 

Hardy, Thomas. Tess of the D'Uberville. New York: Macmillan,

1991.

 

Meacham, Peggy. Department of Natural Resources. Lansing, MI.

11 October 1993. Interview.

 

Pollution. Boston: Twayne Publisher, 1983.

 

"Selling of Education." Media & Methods 25 April 1991: 26+

IN-TEXT CITATIONS

THE MLA STYLE MANUAL RECOMMENDS YOU "BLEND" REFERENCES BY USING IN-TEXT CITATIONS FOR QUOTATIONS OR MATERIAL THAT YOU PARAPHRASE. TO DO THIS YOU LIST THE AUTHOR (OR TITLE WHEN AN AUTHOR/EDITOR IS NOT KNOWN) AND A PAGE NUMBER IN YOUR TEXT WITHIN PARENTHESES: (Smith, 125-128)

1) This provides just enough information within the text to identify a source listed in your Bibliography.

2) When you site a specific book, pamphlet or magazine article be sure to list a page number.

3) Shorten titles to one or two significant words when the author or editor's names are not available

4) Book titles must be underlined, italicized or put in all-capitals, and put magazine article titles in quotations.

 SAMPLE OF IN-TEXT REFERENCES: Cited references below are from the sample bibliography above. Just click on the citation to view the bib. source that was cited.

EXAMPLE 1: Begin with the author when paraphrasing and end with a page number.

John Engler argues convincingly that acid rain is a problem in the Great Lakes region (19-25).

EXAMPLE 2: Place the author (if no author or editor, the first word of the title) and page number at the end of a quote.

One source explains that acid rain must be identified. "Each year the problems of acid rain become more threatening to people and wildlife" (Pollution 471).

EXAMPLE 3: List the first key word from the title of the book, pamphlet or magazine article when no author/editor is available.

Experts recognize the validity of play and a child's use of toys. "In one sense, toys serve as a child's tools, and by learning to use the toys the child stimulates physical and mental development" ("Selling" 37)

EXAMPLE 4: Identify non-print sources that have no page number by introducing the type of source in the text.

Ms. Peggy Meacham said in a phone interview that acid rain is causing great damage to agricultural crops in Michigan.

EXAMPLE 5: Set off long quotations of four lines or more by indenting 10 spaces. Do not use quotation marks. Double-space and place the Citation of the work after the final mark of punctuation.

The governor of Michigan states:

Acid rain is a problem that effects the Great Lakes region. We must begin addressing the problem by communicating with Canada. The auto industries must also be involved in the discussions if we are to find adequate solutions to the many problems before us. (Engler 19)

EXAMPLE 6: When using more than one source by the same author, identify the source being cited by listing the first keyword of the title and page number within parentheses.

One book describes how women were treated in England at the turn of the century (Tess 25) while the other describes the role of men as "authority figures of great significance" (Mayor 39).

or

Thomas Hardy reminds readers in his preface that "a novel is an impression, not an argument" and that a novel should be read as "a study of man's [sic] deeds and character" (Tess 2; Mayor 1).

Notice also in the sample above the use of [sic] denoting that the error in the quotation (the generic use of "man") is not the mistake of the researcher. This would be used for any error in grammar or usage as well.

EXAMPLE 7: Poetry or verse quotations of more than three lines should begin on a new line indented 10 spaces and double spaced between lines. If less than three lines, put it in quotation marks within your text and separate lines using a slash with a space on each side.

Elizabeth Bishop's "In the Waiting Room" is rich in detail:

It was winter. It got dark

early. The waiting room

was full of grown-up people,

arctics and overcoats,

lamps and magazines. (Bishop 6-10)

and

Anthony's famous speech begins: "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears; / I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him" (3.2.80-81).

[this means Act 3, Scene 2, Lines 80-81]

Return to BHS Media Center

Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide. New York: Harper

Collins College Publishers, 1993.