Physical Science Chapter 4 Study Guide

 

Atomic Structure

Electrons, protons, and neutrons are parts of the atom and have measurable properties, including mass and, in the case of protons and electrons, charge. The nuclei of atoms are composed of protons and neutrons. A kind of force that is only evident at nuclear distances holds the particles of the nucleus together against the electrical repulsion between the protons.

Michigan Content Statement Code

Statement

C4.8A

Identify the location, relative mass, and charge for electrons, protons, and neutrons.

C4.8B

Describe the atom as mostly empty space with an extremely small, dense nucleus consisting of the protons and neutrons and an electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.

C4.8C

Recognize that protons repel each other and that a strong force needs to be present to keep the nucleus intact.

 

Neutral Atoms, Ions, and Isotopes

A neutral atom of any element will contain the same number of protons and electrons. Ions are charged particles with an unequal number of protons and electrons. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and essentially the same chemical and physical properties.

Michigan Content Statement Code

Statement

C4.10A

List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for any given ion or isotope.

C4.10B

Recognize that an element always contains the same number of protons.

 

  1. Identify the 5 main ideas of John Dalton’s atomic theory

 

 

  1. Name and describe J.J. Thomson’s atomic model

 

 

  1. Describe the three main ideas of Ernest Rutherford’s atomic theory

 

 

  1. Describe what James Chadwick’s atomic model added to atomic theory

 

 

  1. Identify the relative mass, charge, and location of the three main subatomic particles

 

 

 

  1. C4.10A: List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for any given ion or isotope

 

 

 

  1. Describe an isotope

 

 

  1. Name and describe Niels Bohr’s model of the atom

 

 

  1. C4.8B: Describe the quantum model of the atom

 

 

  1.  C4.8C:   Recognize that protons repel each other and that a strong force needs to be present to keep the nucleus intact

 

 

 

 

  1.  C4.10B: Recognize that an element always contains the same number of protons.