Physical Science Chapter 17 Study Guide

 

Energy Transfer

Moving objects and waves transfer energy from one location to another. They also transfer energy to objects during interactions (e.g., sunlight transfers energy to the ground when it warms the ground; sunlight also transfers energy from the sun to the Earth).

Michigan Content Statement Code

Statement

P4.1B

Explain instances of energy transfer by waves and objects in everyday activities (e.g., why the ground gets warm during the day, how you hear a distant sound, why it hurts when you are hit by a baseball).

Wave Characteristics

Waves (mechanical and electromagnetic) are described by their wavelength, amplitude, frequency, and speed.

Michigan Content Statement Code

Statement

P4.4A

Describe specific mechanical waves (e.g., on a demonstration spring, on the ocean) in terms of wavelength, amplitude, frequency, and speed.

P4.4B

Identify everyday examples of transverse and compression (longitudinal) waves.

P4.4C

Compare and contrast transverse and compression (longitudinal) waves in terms of wavelength, amplitude, and frequency.

Mechanical Wave Propagation

Vibrations in matter initiate mechanical waves (e.g., water waves, sound waves, seismic waves), which may propagate in all directions and decrease in intensity in proportion to the distance squared for a point source. Waves transfer energy from one place to another without transferring mass.

Michigan Content Statement Code

Statement

P4.5A

Identify everyday examples of energy transfer by waves and their sources.

P4.5B

Explain why an object (e.g., fishing bobber) does not move forward as a wave passes under it.

P4.5C

Provide evidence to support the claim that sound is energy transferred by a wave, not energy transferred by particles.

P4.5D

Explain how waves propagate from vibrating sources and why the intensity decreases with the square of the distance from a point source.

P4.5E

Explain why everyone in a classroom can hear one person speaking, but why an amplification system is often used in the rear of a large concert auditorium.

 

  1. P4.5D: Describe a mechanical wave and what it needs in order to travel

 

 

 

  1. P4.5D: Describe transverse and longitudinal waves in terms of motion traveled compared to source

 

 

 

  1. P4.4A:  Name and describe the parts of transverse and longitudinal waves

 

 

 

  1. P4.4A:  Describe and calculate frequency

 

 

 

  1. P4.4A:  Identify the SI unit of frequency

 

 

 

  1. P4.4A:  Describe and measure wavelength

 

 

 

  1. P4.4A:  Calculate wave speed

 

 

 

  1. Describe the relationship between wavelength and frequency

 

 

 

  1. P4.4A:  Describe amplitude

 

 

 

 

  1. Explain, compare, and contrast reflection and refraction

 

 

 

  1. Describe diffraction

 

 

 

  1. Name, sketch, and describe the 2 types of interference for longitudinal and transverse waves

 

 

 

  1. Describe how a standing wave is formed and the parts of one

 

 

 

  1. Differentiate loudness and pitch

 

 

 

  1. Describe the Doppler effect

 

 

 

  1. Describe forced vibration and natural frequency and use to explain resonance

 

 

 

  1. Explain a sonic boom

 

 

 

  1. Compare and contrast music and noise

 

 

 

  1. P4.1B:  Explain instances of energy transfer by waves and objects in everyday activities (e.g., why the ground gets warm during the day, how you hear a distant sound, why it hurts when you are hit by a baseball)

 

 

 

  1. P4.4B: Identify everyday examples of transverse and compression (longitudinal) waves

 

 

 

  1. P4.4C:  Compare and contrast transverse and compression (longitudinal) waves in terms of wavelength, amplitude, and frequency

 

 

 

  1. P4.5A:  Identify everyday examples of energy transfer by waves and their sources

 

 

 

  1. P4.5B:  Explain why an object (e.g., fishing bobber) does not move forward as a wave passes under it

 

 

 

  1. P4.5C:  Provide evidence to support the claim that sound is energy transferred by a wave, not energy transferred by particles

 

 

 

  1. P4.5D:  Explain how waves propagate from vibrating sources and why the intensity decreases with the square of the distance from a point source

 

 

 

  1. P4.5E:  Explain why everyone in a classroom can hear one person speaking, but why an amplification system is often used in the rear of a large concert auditorium